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Not sure what you mean. Either energy is transfered into (or out of) the gas or it isn't. Any isothermal process has no net gain or loss of internal energy, only an energy transfer 'thru' gas. So, your "Adding heat increases internal energy, work decreases internal energy." is not always ...

Adding heat increases internal energy, work decreases internal energy. In reality for transfers to or from a gas, work or heat are just different words to describe a transfer of kinetic energy in or out of the gas. Actually identical on a molecular or atomic level. Fool likes to imagine some signif...

But that does not mean that heat converts to work. no direct conversion As far as "heat" is just a manifestation of the kinetic energy transfered from the hot plate to the gas molecules, and "pressure" is also just a manifestation of the same kinetic energy of the gas molecules,...

matt brown wrote: ↑Fri May 24, 2024 12:01 pm ...so each molecule weighs the same regardless of temperature,...

Temperature is "average kinetic energy" of the gas molecules is it not?

And Tom, I don't see any evidence that heat will not flow as fast as it can to reach equilibrium, depending on the resistance of the medium it has to work with. If that were the case, I think the universe would have reached equilibrium eons ago. I think this general assumption, that heat is going t...

A tendency is not an effort.

The general tendency for heat to disperse in all directions has been greatly overstated so as to imply that heat makes a bee line for cold just like a river flows downhill. Such a concept is utter nonsense.

Apparently much more heat is lost from the gas due to work output during the power stroke so the energy input from atmospheric pressure on the return stroke is not enough to require any heat rejection on the compression stroke. This is an experimentally observable and verifiable reality regardless o...

Just to be clear, cooling due to transfer of kinetic energy is over and above cooling that may be due to "expansion", simply spreading out the heat over a larger volume. IMO there is no such thing as heat attempting to reach equilibrium. The idea that heat wants to combine with cold, seeks...

Work is a function of pressure x volume. Pressure is a function of heat applied to a gas. But that does not mean that heat converts to work. Work is just a consequence of heat. Heat creates pressure and pressure converts to work as the heat does what heat does, attempt to reach equilibrium. Your fr...

You seem to be assuming that heat going into a gas can "disappear" becoming some form of "internal energy" as in a chemical reaction or some rearrangement of internal molecular structure. Gases however are in their simplest possible structure, so there is no such internal rearran...

For the butane mini-fridge I'm thinking that perhaps a little peristaltic pump might be more effective than a diaphragm pump Self priming, can develop higher psi, pumps air or fluid equally well. Leak proof, good efficiency. Also it appears that the head is detachable, so could potentially be driven...

... W=Qh-Qc ... It is misleading because heat isn't necessary for the conversion, as is demonstrated in every adiabatic expansion. No heat is conducted. Internal energy is converted to mechanical motion. ... In that case: ∆U=Q+W Though given the equivalence of heat and work the distinction is moot ...

... Heat engines run on a temperature difference. All the lifting of rocks will be done when all temperature differences are zero. This will be, in a perfectly isolated room, when the temperature is between the highest temperature and lowest temperature. Sort of near the average temperature for the...

I understand your position Tom. I am looking for an academic to show me some math outlining the direct conversion of heat to work. If it can't be mathematical shown that heat is converted, then how can efficiency be calculated based on the percentage of heat not converted. The math is in the first ...

Rocket #1 is contained in a room, ignited and set to spin around a pole on a string, flying unloaded until depleted. Rocket #2 is attached to its maximum payload, ignited and reaches 5ft off the ground before being depleted. Rocket #3 is anchored to the ground, ignited and sits stationary until dep...