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Opening the engine back up and adding a little more water did make a big improvement. I was able to press my finger down rather firmly on the magnets and the engine kept on running. https://youtu.be/yQobz7aMQJ4?si=AdzvLRK7gMDL4ng7 Just an additional observation after a few runs, so far at least, wit...

Well, I've completed my first ordinary or conventional so-called "rice" engine. https://youtu.be/FhcpAm3lomk?si=kEmj6wZghLdoy5Ix It worked first try using aquarium gravel. The gravel is about 2/3rds deep in the upper can. First run it was self starting and I did not need to remove the scre...

VincentG, The real test would be to get any engine without a crankshaft, or spring, or buffer pressure, or double acting piston and cylinder, to run in a vacuum. The cylinder will become a gun barrel every time spitting the piston out the one end. That will happen regardless of the pressure in the ...

The way the Carnot "efficiency" is being calculated and interpreted is nonsense. It is NOTHING but the temperature difference. Temperature has nothing to do with the QUANTITY of heat or efficiency. All it is is the amount of "fuel" available. I'll willing to go along with Carnot...

Tom I'm sorry you feel that way. I really haven't changed the derivation or definition. What I'm striving to do now is hammar out the explanations. Thanks for trying. I will redo it all and repost so it will be cohesive. OK, if you say so. Looking forward to that. But, really, for the most part, yo...

Qcz is not rejected during the running. Nor is it added. It is the base energy that DQh is added to. Earlier definition discarded. .... Right. In the face of shifting definitions, slippery as an eel, trying to pin anything down to have any rational conversation is impossible. At this point I think ...

If this was LTD model, then PP would be on hot plate. I've found various studies on "hot end" gammas like this (fig. b) hot vs cold.jpg Everything else equal (always a risky premise) hot end displacer connection has same efficiency as cold end displacer connection, but a lot more output.....

Well, it looks like teleportation of the 300 joules from inside to outside the engine, or... The same 300 joules exists BOTH inside and outside? Of course, after work and heat "rejection" the TEMPERATURE is 300°K inside and outside the engine. This is the problem with drawing an equivalenc...

Now, again, take a steam engine. The WATER we make the steam from is outside the engine. Let's say that water contains 300 joules per cylinder charge. We add 100 joules to boil the water to make steam under pressure. The steam is introduced to the cylinder. 50 joules work Now, this makes sense. The ...

M is the Mass of the gas inside the engine. Qcz = MCvTc applies to the energy in the engine's gas mass. It is such that Cv, specific heat coefficient of that gas, times the mass equals one. That is, one Joule per degree temperature increase for the entire volume/mass inside the engine. When the hea...

Tom, I really admire your patience with this "Fool". But like Don Quixote, it is . . . . In my (practical) world, efficiency is the relation between what you put in, versus what you get out. Please, read again : What YOU put in ! So if the input is 1 Kelvin, where does "the rest"...

OK, much better. So far then, with that little glitch ironed out we have the typical heat/work diagram. heat-work-100.jpg What we know is (using the diagram's variables) Th = 400°K Tc = 300°K Qh = 100 joules We don't yet know the work output therefore We don't know Qc Though I'm pretty sure this is ...

Taking a steam engine or turbine, where you have actual MASS flow through the engine, then yes, I"d say of course ALL the "internal energy" included in that mass is drawn or flows into and through (and back out of) the steam engine or turbine. With an external combustion Stirling engi...

Question: How does Qh an Qc become Q's all the way to Zero, and then, Th and Tc? Answer: Let Th be the temperature of the hot plate/reservoir. Let Tc be the temperature of the cold plate. Let Qh be Delta Qh = DQh, the same definition and value, the heat added per cycle. Qc then becomes DQc the heat...

If I understand you, you are saying that with a hot side at 1,200°K (∆T 880°k) there should be an expansion from 2.6cc to 9.8cc but the actual expansion is only to 3.1cc Which is what might be expected if the ∆T were only 80°K rather than 880°K Is that right? I think this relates to what I have been...