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I'm okay with heat being a form of energy passing from hotter to colder. I am not comfortable with internal energy being called heat. Something hotter has a higher temperature and higher internal energy than that same thing at a colder temperature, everything else the same. Sorry it took so long to...

Here you said: https://stirlingengineforum.com/viewtopic.php?p=21109#p21109 I'm okay with heat being a form of energy passing from hotter to colder. I am not comfortable with internal energy being called heat. But you habitually refer to this baseline "internal energy" as "heat added&...

Anyway back to the analysis. You wrote: ... Let Qcz be the heat added from zero K all the way to Tc. That is true but confusing, so, Qcz is the internal energy of the engine's gas mass at Tc. It is the base energy. It neither used, nor rejected. It is the absolute energy level at Tc contained the th...

... If everything is 300, zero heat transfer. Zero heat transfered equals both, zero work out, and zero heat pumped. ... That's funny. My refrigerator, before plugging it in is in a 300°K environment. Everything is 300°K Do you think if I leave the refrigerator doors off and run the refrigerator it...

Anyway, I'm more interested in your response to this post, did you miss it?

viewtopic.php?p=21729#p21729

A perfect Carnot Engine: n =(370-300)/370 = about 0.19 A perfect Carnot heat pump: COP=370/(370-300) = about 5.3 70 Joules in your engine turns into about 17.5 17.5 Joules into a Carnot Heat pump: 17.5 x 5.3 = 92.75 J 92.75 / 70 = about 1.325 Or 132.5% Well, that's interesting. Suppose instead of t...

Maybe someone could explain how a toy engine with a thermal efficiency of maybe 21% rather than the Carnot Limit of 20% constitutes the dreaded "perpetual motion" making discussion on the results of an experiment forbidden to the scientific community at large. ... Nevertheless, theoretica...

Well, right off the bat I see the same conceptual difficulty with: Let Qhz be the internal energy from heat added to the cycle all the way from zero K Kelvin to Th. We add 100 joules at a temperature of 400°K As stated previously "internal energy from heat ADDED to the cycle all the way from ze...

I also want to try various thermally inert materials as "condensation medium". Aquarium gravel is very dense and heavy. I think it is just gravel with some plastic coating. The gravel works, but requires a long period of pre-heating before the engine will run. At least, in my tests so far,...

Opening the engine back up and adding a little more water did make a big improvement. I was able to press my finger down rather firmly on the magnets and the engine kept on running. https://youtu.be/yQobz7aMQJ4?si=AdzvLRK7gMDL4ng7 Just an additional observation after a few runs, so far at least, wit...

Well, I've completed my first ordinary or conventional so-called "rice" engine. https://youtu.be/FhcpAm3lomk?si=kEmj6wZghLdoy5Ix It worked first try using aquarium gravel. The gravel is about 2/3rds deep in the upper can. First run it was self starting and I did not need to remove the scre...

VincentG, The real test would be to get any engine without a crankshaft, or spring, or buffer pressure, or double acting piston and cylinder, to run in a vacuum. The cylinder will become a gun barrel every time spitting the piston out the one end. That will happen regardless of the pressure in the ...

The way the Carnot "efficiency" is being calculated and interpreted is nonsense. It is NOTHING but the temperature difference. Temperature has nothing to do with the QUANTITY of heat or efficiency. All it is is the amount of "fuel" available. I'll willing to go along with Carnot...

Tom I'm sorry you feel that way. I really haven't changed the derivation or definition. What I'm striving to do now is hammar out the explanations. Thanks for trying. I will redo it all and repost so it will be cohesive. OK, if you say so. Looking forward to that. But, really, for the most part, yo...

Qcz is not rejected during the running. Nor is it added. It is the base energy that DQh is added to. Earlier definition discarded. .... Right. In the face of shifting definitions, slippery as an eel, trying to pin anything down to have any rational conversation is impossible. At this point I think ...